English grammar

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• Present Perfect Tense

  Use the present perfect (have/has + past participle) for actions that started in the past and continue now, or have a present result.

• English Conditionals

  Conditionals express hypothetical or real situations using 'if' clauses. There are four main types.

• Articles: A, An, The

  Use 'a/an' for unspecific singular nouns. Use 'the' for specific nouns both speakers know. Use no article for general plurals and uncountables.

• Modal Verbs

  Modal verbs (can, could, should, must, might, may, will, would) express ability, possibility, permission, obligation, or advice.

• Phrasal Verbs

  Phrasal verbs combine a verb with a particle (get up, put off, look after). The meaning often differs from the literal words.

• Passive Voice

  Use the passive voice (be + past participle) to focus on the action or result, not the actor. Common in formal and academic English.